* main: (26 commits)
  pythongh-104028: Reduce object creation while calling callback function from gc (pythongh-104030)
  pythongh-104036: Fix direct invocation of test_typing (python#104037)
  pythongh-102213: Optimize the performance of `__getattr__` (pythonGH-103761)
  pythongh-103895: Improve how invalid `Exception.__notes__` are displayed (python#103897)
  Adjust expression from `==` to `!=` in alignment with the meaning of the paragraph. (pythonGH-104021)
  pythongh-88496: Fix IDLE test hang on macOS (python#104025)
  Improve int test coverage (python#104024)
  pythongh-88773: Added teleport method to Turtle library (python#103974)
  pythongh-104015: Fix direct invocation of `test_dataclasses` (python#104017)
  pythongh-104012: Ensure test_calendar.CalendarTestCase.test_deprecation_warning consistently passes (python#104014)
  pythongh-103977: compile re expressions in platform.py only if required (python#103981)
  pythongh-98003: Inline call frames for CALL_FUNCTION_EX (pythonGH-98004)
  Replace Netlify with Read the Docs build previews (python#103843)
  Update name in acknowledgements and add mailmap (python#103696)
  pythongh-82054: allow test runner to split test_asyncio to execute in parallel by sharding. (python#103927)
  Remove non-existing tools from Sundry skiplist (python#103991)
  pythongh-103793: Defer formatting task name (python#103767)
  pythongh-87092: change assembler to use instruction sequence instead of CFG (python#103933)
  pythongh-103636: issue warning for deprecated calendar constants (python#103833)
  Various small fixes to dis docs (python#103923)
  ...

… parallel by sharding. (python#103927)

This runs test_asyncio sub-tests in parallel using sharding from Cinder. This suite is typically the longest-pole in runs because it is a test package with a lot of further sub-tests otherwise run serially. By breaking out the sub-tests as independent modules we can run a lot more in parallel.

After porting we can see the direct impact on a multicore system.

Without this change:
  Running make test is 5 min 26 seconds
With this change:
  Running make test takes 3 min 39 seconds

That'll vary based on system and parallelism. On a `-j 4` run similar to what CI and buildbot systems often do, it reduced the overall test suite completion latency by 10%.

The drawbacks are that this implementation is hacky and due to the sorting of the tests it obscures when the asyncio tests occur and involves changing CPython test infrastructure but, the wall time saved it is worth it, especially in low-core count CI runs as it pulls a long tail. The win for productivity and reserved CI resource usage is significant.

Future tests that deserve to be refactored into split up suites to benefit from are test_concurrent_futures and the way the _test_multiprocessing suite gets run for all start methods. As exposed by passing the -o flag to python -m test to get a list of the 10 longest running tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@oddbird.net>
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org> [Google, LLC]
(cherry picked from commit 9e011e7)

…108820)

* Revert "[3.11] gh-101634: regrtest reports decoding error as failed test (#106169) (#106175)"

This reverts commit d5418e9.

* Revert "[3.11] bpo-46523: fix tests rerun when `setUp[Class|Module]` fails (GH-30895) (GH-103342)"

This reverts commit ecb09a8.

* Revert "gh-95027: Fix regrtest stdout encoding on Windows (GH-98492)"

This reverts commit b2aa28e.

* Revert "[3.11] gh-94026: Buffer regrtest worker stdout in temporary file (GH-94253) (GH-94408)"

This reverts commit 0122ab2.

* Revert "Run Tools/scripts/reindent.py (GH-94225)"

This reverts commit f0f3a42.

* Revert "gh-94052: Don't re-run failed tests with --python option (GH-94054)"

This reverts commit 1347607.

* Revert "[3.11] gh-84461: Fix Emscripten umask and permission issues (GH-94002) (GH-94006)"

This reverts commit 1073184.

* gh-93353: regrtest checks for leaked temporary files (#93776)

When running tests with -jN, create a temporary directory per process
and mark a test as "environment changed" if a test leaks a temporary
file or directory.

(cherry picked from commit e566ce5)

* gh-93353: Fix regrtest for -jN with N >= 2 (GH-93813)

(cherry picked from commit 36934a1)

* gh-93353: regrtest supports checking tmp files with -j2 (#93909)

regrtest now also implements checking for leaked temporary files and
directories when using -jN for N >= 2. Use tempfile.mkdtemp() to
create the temporary directory. Skip this check on WASI.

(cherry picked from commit 4f85cec)

* gh-84461: Fix Emscripten umask and permission issues (GH-94002)

- Emscripten's default umask is too strict, see
  emscripten-core/emscripten#17269
- getuid/getgid and geteuid/getegid are stubs that always return 0
  (root). Disable effective uid/gid syscalls and fix tests that use
  chmod() current user.
- Cannot drop X bit from directory.

(cherry picked from commit 2702e40)

* gh-94052: Don't re-run failed tests with --python option (#94054)

(cherry picked from commit 0ff7b99)

* Run Tools/scripts/reindent.py (#94225)

Reindent files which were not properly formatted (PEP 8: 4 spaces).

Remove also some trailing spaces.

(cherry picked from commit e87ada4)

* gh-94026: Buffer regrtest worker stdout in temporary file (GH-94253)

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
(cherry picked from commit 199ba23)

* gh-96465: Clear fractions hash lru_cache under refleak testing (GH-96689)

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:zware
(cherry picked from commit 9c8f379)

* gh-95027: Fix regrtest stdout encoding on Windows (#98492)

On Windows, when the Python test suite is run with the -jN option,
the ANSI code page is now used as the encoding for the stdout
temporary file, rather than using UTF-8 which can lead to decoding
errors.

(cherry picked from commit ec1f6f5)

* gh-98903: Test suite fails with exit code 4 if no tests ran (#98904)

The Python test suite now fails wit exit code 4 if no tests ran. It
should help detecting typos in test names and test methods.

* Add "EXITCODE_" constants to Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py.
* Fix a typo: "NO TEST RUN" becomes "NO TESTS RAN"

(cherry picked from commit c76db37)

* gh-100086: Add build info to test.libregrtest (#100093)

The Python test runner (libregrtest) now logs Python build information like
"debug" vs "release" build, or LTO and PGO optimizations.

(cherry picked from commit 3c89202)

* bpo-46523: fix tests rerun when `setUp[Class|Module]` fails (#30895)

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
(cherry picked from commit 9953860)

* gh-82054: allow test runner to split test_asyncio to execute in parallel by sharding. (#103927)

This runs test_asyncio sub-tests in parallel using sharding from Cinder. This suite is typically the longest-pole in runs because it is a test package with a lot of further sub-tests otherwise run serially. By breaking out the sub-tests as independent modules we can run a lot more in parallel.

After porting we can see the direct impact on a multicore system.

Without this change:
  Running make test is 5 min 26 seconds
With this change:
  Running make test takes 3 min 39 seconds

That'll vary based on system and parallelism. On a `-j 4` run similar to what CI and buildbot systems often do, it reduced the overall test suite completion latency by 10%.

The drawbacks are that this implementation is hacky and due to the sorting of the tests it obscures when the asyncio tests occur and involves changing CPython test infrastructure but, the wall time saved it is worth it, especially in low-core count CI runs as it pulls a long tail. The win for productivity and reserved CI resource usage is significant.

Future tests that deserve to be refactored into split up suites to benefit from are test_concurrent_futures and the way the _test_multiprocessing suite gets run for all start methods. As exposed by passing the -o flag to python -m test to get a list of the 10 longest running tests.

---------

Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@oddbird.net>
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org> [Google, LLC]
(cherry picked from commit 9e011e7)

* Display the sanitizer config in the regrtest header. (#105301)

Display the sanitizers present in libregrtest.

Having this in the CI output for tests with the relevant environment
variable displayed will help make it easier to do what we need to
create an equivalent local test run.

(cherry picked from commit 852348a)

* gh-101634: regrtest reports decoding error as failed test (#106169)

When running the Python test suite with -jN option, if a worker stdout
cannot be decoded from the locale encoding report a failed testn so the
exitcode is non-zero.

(cherry picked from commit 2ac3eec)

* gh-108223: test.pythoninfo and libregrtest log Py_NOGIL (#108238)

Enable with --disable-gil --without-pydebug:

    $ make pythoninfo|grep NOGIL
    sysconfig[Py_NOGIL]: 1

    $ ./python -m test
    ...
    == Python build: nogil debug
    ...

(cherry picked from commit 5afe0c1)

* gh-90791: test.pythoninfo logs ASAN_OPTIONS env var (#108289)

* Cleanup libregrtest code logging ASAN_OPTIONS.
* Fix a typo on "ASAN_OPTIONS" vs "MSAN_OPTIONS".

(cherry picked from commit 3a1ac87)

* gh-108388: regrtest splits test_asyncio package (#108393)

Currently, test_asyncio package is only splitted into sub-tests when
using command "./python -m test". With this change, it's also
splitted when passing it on the command line:
"./python -m test test_asyncio".

Remove the concept of "STDTESTS". Python is now mature enough to not
have to bother with that anymore. Removing STDTESTS simplify the
code.

(cherry picked from commit 174e9da)

* regrtest computes statistics (#108793)

test_netrc, test_pep646_syntax and test_xml_etree now return results
in the test_main() function.

Changes:

* Rewrite TestResult as a dataclass with a new State class.
* Add test.support.TestStats class and Regrtest.stats_dict attribute.
* libregrtest.runtest functions now modify a TestResult instance
  in-place.
* libregrtest summary lists the number of run tests and skipped
  tests, and denied resources.
* Add TestResult.has_meaningful_duration() method.
* Compute TestResult duration in the upper function.
* Use time.perf_counter() instead of time.monotonic().
* Regrtest: rename 'resource_denieds' attribute to 'resource_denied'.
* Rename CHILD_ERROR to MULTIPROCESSING_ERROR.
* Use match/case syntadx to have different code depending on the
  test state.

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit d4e534c)

* gh-108822: Add Changelog entry for regrtest statistics (#108821)

---------

Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Zachary Ware <zach@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>
Co-authored-by: Joshua Herman <zitterbewegung@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>